Today's
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19: Talk Like A Pirate Day: --
Yar harrr! Ahoy there ye lily livered blaggards! Brush up your
sea-farin' vocab and talk like a pirate for a day. Ahoy, yo-ho-ho,
and avast ye matey! To port! To starboard! Bring a spring up on
'er - whatever that means! It be Talk Like A Pirate Day, and that
means it's time for pillaging and the imbibing of rum! Talk Like A
Pirate Day is a parodic holiday created in 1995 by John Baur (Ol'
Chumbucket) and Mark Summers (Cap'n Slappy), of Albany, Oregon,
U.S., who proclaimed September 19 each year as the day when
everyone in the world should talk like a pirate. An observer of
this holiday would greet friends not with "Hello, everyone!"
but with "Ahoy, maties!" or "Ahoy, me hearties!"
The holiday, and its observance, springs from a romanticized view
of the Golden Age of Piracy. Pirates have been all the rage in
recent years and out of that particular fascination came an insane
and completely pirate-oriented idea: that there should be a day
dedicated to keeping the piratical language alive and, more
importantly, the tradition of all things related to pirates. So
Talk Like A Pirate Day was invented. And now it's time to
celebrate with all of the pirate talk that can be mustered in one
day! It was June 6, 1995, and a group of men were playing
racquetball at Albany in Oregon. All throughout they were shouting
encouragement to each other. On this particular day, for reasons
unbeknownst to them, they started shouting piratical slang at each
other. From there it just kind of took on a life of its own, and
they realized by the end of the game that it was necessary that
they establish a holiday to celebrate that encouraged the use of
such a fine vernacular. The first thing they needed was a date,
and it just so happened that the date selected was the birthday of
his ex-wife. For the next seven years they honored this holiday,
in relative obscurity, until they happened upon the email address
of one Dave Barry, a syndicated columnist and author of a great
number of books. He also happened to be hilarious, like any good
pirate should be. From there it's all history, Dave Barry promoted
the holiday, and it's been one amazing year after another as
people all over the country celebrate this auspicious holiday. On
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19: National Meow Like A Pirate
Day: -- Talk Like A Pirate Day has been around since 1995, but in
2015, cats gained their due respect with this co-celebration!
Since pirates are rarely seen without a cat or two (or ten) to
keep rodents at bay on their man-o-war, it's only fitting to
include them in today's festivities. So, as we bark like an old
salt, drink rum from the bottle, and throw manners out the window,
don't forget to share your booty with the ship's cat! Thanks to
National Meow Like A Pirate Day, every September 19, felines now
have an amazing argh-portunity to set sail and exercise their sea
paws. While meowing like a pirate may not make the most sense at
first, there is some historical precedent for the relationship.
Cats, long seen as creatures of either good or bad luck, often
rode along with pirates on the high seas. The sailors saw them as
good luck charms who could keep away bad spirits (and of course,
rats). Sure, they may not be the most water-loving choice of pets,
but it's said that many pirates weren't actually able to swim. So
really, cats are just as qualified as any other pirate to adorn a
crossbow hat and set sail past the tide. Cats' mysterious,
independent personalities make them the perfect companion on a
pirate ship. When it comes to the piracy profession, captains and
their buccaneers didn't have time to wonder where the ship cat was
as they plundered victim clippers. The cat's independent nature
makes them attractive as pets still today. Another reason pirates
and cats make a great match is their predatory natures; they use
the element of surprise to attack their enemy. So, it only makes
sense to have a day to celebrate both the prowess of cats and the
swashbuckling style of pirates all at once. On Sale Until Midnight
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19: National Cat DNA Day: --
Dedicated to one of the world's oldest pets - cats. Basepaws
created this unique day to raise awareness about the benefits of
feline genetics and to honor the advancement of this branch of
knowledge. National Cat DNA Day was established on September 19,
2020, to raise awareness of the benefits of cat genetics and to
commemorate the field's accomplishments. Basepaws is a feline
genetics pioneer, helping to uncover potential health hazards in
cats and determining what makes each cat unique! Feline genetics
has taken a back seat to canine and human genetics due to a lack
of research and funding. Cat domestication can be traced back over
12,000 years. This was predominant in Middle Eastern regions such
as Lebanon, Iraq, and Israel. However, it should come as no
surprise that domesticating cats was not an easy task. They don't
have that haughty attitude for no reason. Several studies suggest
that these furry pals lived alongside humans for thousands of
years before being kept as pets. It must have taken some
convincing to get them to relinquish a few of their independent
ways. Claudio Ottoni, an Italian scholar, also conducted a study
that revealed that sailors brought cats along on voyages to deter
rats from pillaging food storage. This tactic helped introduce
cats to different locations around the world. There is no doubt
that cats are a vital part of the lives of their humans. This
observance aims to shed light on an otherwise ignored issue,
creating awareness for feline genetic studies. Mark National Cat
DNA Day by finding out more about your eccentric pal. On Sale
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19: National Woman Road Warrior
Day: -- Today honors the efforts of working women who fight
against the odds to remain successful and influential. Truly,
being a working lady and managing kids is not easy, especially if
you have to travel a lot for work. However, it's not impossible
either. All that is required is the desire to make a difference
and the motivation to achieve success. A woman road warrior
travels because it is part of her job and she still meets
deadlines no matter what the situation. Are you a woman road
warrior? If yes, you better start celebrating! Over the years,
women have contributed a great deal to the advancement of
businesses and workplaces in the world. For instance, in the
1850s, women were the ones who kickstarted the fields of home
economics and social work. In the 1900s, things started to really
change and numerous working women emerged at the forefront of the
working world. For instance, women like Coco Chanel and Elizabeth
Arden established their brands and became recognized as global
influences. From 1940 to 1945, the percentage of working women
rose by almost 10% since most of the men were off fighting in
World War II. Though most of the businesses by women were
home-based, they still managed to provide a good profit for them.
An example of a woman who worked hard to make a mark is Mary Kay
Ash, who went door to door selling books during World War II. In
1963, Mary Kay Ash formed her own business plan and later founded
Beauty by Mary Kay. In the late '90s, more women joined the
workforce or became entrepreneurs. This was the time when women
like Madonna and Oprah Winfrey were establishing their business
brands. They also became recognized across the globe. And yes,
their line of work required a lot of travel. Furthermore, the
number of women who are enrolled in MBA programs has also been
increasing and, in 2016, 37% of full-time MBA students were
female. Today, due to their education, a large number of women
have taken up managerial roles that, at times, require a lot of
traveling. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1870: Italy: The History
Italy: The Kingdom Of Italy: The History Of The Kingdom Of Italy:
The Unification Of Italy (Italian: Risorgimento): The Capture of
Rome: (Italian: Presa Di Roma) -- In a major turning point in
Italian and European history, the final event of the Unification
Of Italy begins as the Italian Army, having invaded and occupied
the Papal States a week earlier, lays siege to Rome on September
19, entering the city the next day and thereby marking both the
final defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX and the
unification of the Italian Peninsula (except San Marino) under the
Kingdom of Italy. As the Italian Army began the siege, the Pope
described himself as "a prisoner in the Vatican". The
capture of Rome brought an end to the Papal States, which had
existed since 756 AD, as well the temporal power of the Holy See,
and led to the establishment of Rome as the capital of unified
Italy. It is today widely commemorated throughout Italy, with the
Via XX Settembre street name (Italian: "20th Of September
Street") in a considerable number of localities. On Sale
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 18-20, 1863: The American Civil
War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Western
Theater Of The American Civil War: The Chickamauga Campaign: The
Battle Of Chickamauga: -- September 19: The second day of the
three day engagement, the morning after the first skirmishes of
the evening prior, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict,
and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western
Theater. The Battle Of Chickamauga, fought on September 18 - 20,
1863, between U.S. and Confederate forces in the American Civil
War, marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee
and northwestern Georgia - the Chickamauga Campaign. It was the
first major battle of the war fought in Georgia, the most
significant Union defeat in the Western Theater, and involved the
second-highest number of casualties after the Battle Of
Gettysburg. The battle was fought between the Army of the
Cumberland under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans and the Confederate
Army of Tennessee under Gen. Braxton Bragg, and was named for
Chickamauga Creek, which meanders near the battle area in
northwest Georgia (and ultimately flows into the Tennessee River
about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of downtown Chattanooga). After
his successful Tullahoma Campaign, Rosecrans renewed the
offensive, aiming to force the Confederates out of Chattanooga. In
early September, Rosecrans consolidated his forces scattered in
Tennessee and Georgia and forced Bragg's army out of Chattanooga,
heading south. The Union troops followed it and brushed with it at
Davis's Cross Roads. Bragg was determined to reoccupy Chattanooga
and decided to meet a part of Rosecrans's army, defeat it, and
then move back into the city. On September 17 he headed north,
intending to attack the isolated XXI Corps. As Bragg marched north
on September 18, his cavalry and infantry fought with Union
cavalry and mounted infantry, which were armed with Spencer
repeating rifles. Fighting began in earnest on the morning of
September 19. Bragg's men strongly assaulted but could not break
the Union line. The next day, Bragg resumed his assault. In late
morning, Rosecrans was misinformed that he had a gap in his line.
In moving units to shore up the supposed gap, Rosecrans
accidentally created an actual gap, directly in the path of an
eight-brigade assault on a narrow front by Confederate Lt. Gen.
James Longstreet, whose corps had been detached from The Army Of
Northern Virginia. In the resulting rout, Longstreet's attack
drove one-third of the Union army, including Rosecrans himself,
from the field. Union units spontaneously rallied to create a
defensive line on Horseshoe Ridge ("Snodgrass Hill"),
forming a new right wing for the line of Maj. Gen. George H.
Thomas, who assumed overall command of remaining forces. Although
the Confederates launched costly and determined assaults, Thomas
and his men held until twilight. Union forces then retired to
Chattanooga while the Confederates occupied the surrounding
heights, besieging the city. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1931: China: The History Of
China: The Century Of Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National
Humiliation) (1838-1945): The Sino-Japanese Wars: The Interwar
Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum, Between The
Wars): The Second Sino-Japanese War (The War Of Resistance Against
Japanese Aggression): The Japanese Invasion Of Manchuria: The
Mukden Incident (The Manchurian Incident): -- Following the prior
day's Mukden Incident, which gave Japan a pretext to invade and
occupy Manchuria, the Kwantung Army of Japan invades Manchuria.
This occupation would last for five months, and was the initial
invasion that would lead to a war between the nations, motivating
an alliance between Chiang Kai-shek's GMD nationalists and Mao
Zedong's CCP communists. At war's end in February of 1932, the
Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria's
stead, led by the puppet Emperor Pu Yi, the Last Emperor of China.
Their occupation lasted until the success of the Soviet Union and
Mongolia on Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation in mid-August
of 1945. The South Manchuria Railway Zone and the Korean Peninsula
were already under the control of the Japanese Empire since the
Russo-Japanese War of 1904. Japan's ongoing industrialization and
militarization ensured their growing dependence on oil and metal
imports from the US. The US sanctions which prevented trade with
the United States (which had occupied the Philippines around the
same time) resulted in Japan furthering their expansion in the
territory of China and Southeast Asia. The invasion is sometimes
cited as an alternative starting date for World War II, in
contrast with the more commonly accepted one of September 1939.
With the invasion having attracted great international attention,
the League Of Nations produced the Lytton Commission (headed by
British politician Victor Bulwer-Lytton) to evaluate the
situation, with the organization delivering its findings in
October 1932. The label of the invasion as ethically illegitimate
prompted the Japanese government to withdraw from the League
entirely. The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, was a
staged event engineered by Japanese military personnel as a
pretext for the Japanese invasion in 1931 of northeastern China,
known as Manchuria. On September 18, 1931, Lt. Suemori Kawamoto
detonated a small quantity of dynamite close to a railway line
owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden (now
Shenyang). The explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the
track and a train passed over it minutes later, but the Imperial
Japanese Army accused Chinese dissidents of the act and responded
with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria, in
which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo six months
later. The ruse of war was soon exposed by the Lytton Report of
1932, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its March 1933
withdrawal from the League Of Nations. The bombing act is known as
the "Liutiaohu Incident", and the entire episode of
events is known in Japan as the "Manchurian Incident"
and in China as the "September 18 Incident". On Sale
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1935: #DOTD: #RIP:
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and
pioneer of the astronautic theory (b. September 17, 1857) #dies in
Kaluga, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union aged 78 after undergoing an
operation for stomach cancer. The Russian Space Museum was
established in Kaluga as a tribute to him, Where he is buried
nearby at The Park Of The Cosmonauts' Museum. He bequeathed his
life's work to the Soviet state. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was born
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky in Izhevskoye (now in Spassky
District, Ryazan Oblast), in the Russian Empire. Konstantin
Tsiolkovsky was, along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie,
the German-Romanian Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H.
Goddard, considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern
rocketry and astronautics. His works later inspired leading Soviet
rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko and
contributed to the success of the Soviet space program.
Tsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts
of Kaluga, about 200 km (120 mi) southwest of Moscow. A recluse by
nature, his unusual habits made him seem bizarre to his fellow
townsfolk. Regarding man leaving planet earth to explore outer
speace, he once wrote: "The world is the cradle of the mind;
but one cannot live forever in a cradle." On Sale Until
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Today, September 19, 2026
( #JCKaelin here: Michael Schudrich, the
Chief Rabbi of Poland, wrote of this Roman Catholic hero of the
Jewish peoples: "When God created the human being, God had in
mind that we should all be like Captain Witold Pilecki, of blessed
memory." So do I :) ). ========= September 19, 1940: The
European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The
European Theater Of World War II): The Holocaust (Shoah): The
Holocaust In Poland: Auschwitz Concentration Camp (KL Auschwitz,
KZ Auschwitz): The Capture Of Witold Pilecki: -- Witold Pilecki is
voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz to smuggle out
information and start a resistance. Witold Pilecki (May 13, 1901 -
May 25, 1948; codenames Roman Jezierski, Tomasz Serafinski, Druh,
Witold) was a Polish cavalryman and intelligence officer. He
served as a Rittmeister with the Polish Army during the
Polish-Soviet War, Second Polish Republic and World War II.
Pilecki was also a co-founder of the Secret Polish Army (Tajna
Armia Polska) a resistance group in German-occupied Poland and was
later a member of the underground Home Army (Armia Krajowa). He
was the author of Witold's Report, the first comprehensive Allied
intelligence report on Auschwitz concentration camp and the
Holocaust. He was a devout Catholic. During World War II, he
volunteered for a Polish resistance operation that involved being
imprisoned in the Auschwitz death camp in order to gather
intelligence and later escape. While in the camp, Pilecki
organized a resistance movement and, as early as 1941, informed
the Western Allies of Nazi Germany's Auschwitz atrocities. He
escaped from the camp in 1943 after nearly two and a half years of
imprisonment. Pilecki took part as a combatant in the Warsaw
Uprising in August-October 1944. He remained loyal to the
London-based Polish government-in-exile after the Soviet-backed
communist takeover of Poland and was arrested for espionage in
1947 by the Stalinist secret police (Urzad Bezpieczenstwa) on
charges of working for "foreign imperialism", thought to
be a euphemism for British Intelligence. He was executed after a
show trial in 1948. Until 1989, information about his exploits and
fate was suppressed by the Polish communist regime. As a result of
his efforts, he is considered as "one of the greatest wartime
heroes". In the foreword to the book The Auschwitz Volunteer:
Beyond Bravery, Michael Schudrich, the Chief Rabbi of Poland,
wrote as follows: "When God created the human being, God had
in mind that we should all be like Captain Witold Pilecki, of
blessed memory." In the introduction to that book Norman
Davies, a British historian, wrote: "If there was an Allied
hero who deserved to be remembered and celebrated, this was a
person with few peers." At the commemoration event of
International Holocaust Remembrance Day held in the US Holocaust
Memorial Museum on January 27, 2013 Ryszard Schnepf, the Polish
Ambassador to the US, described Pilecki as a "diamond among
Poland's heroes" and "the highest example of Polish
patriotism". On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1952: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1947-1953):
Anti-Communism: Anti-Communism In The United States: The Red
Scare: The Second Red Scare: McCarthyism (1947-1959): The Barring
Of Charlie Chaplin From The United States: -- The United States
bars Charlie Chaplin from re-entering the country after a trip to
England. Chaplin decided to hold the world premiere of Limelight
in London, since it was the setting of the film. As he left Los
Angeles, he expressed a premonition that he would not be
returning. At New York, he boarded the RMS Queen Elizabeth with
his family on September 18, 1952. The next day, attorney general
James P. McGranery revoked Chaplin's re-entry permit and stated
that he would have to submit to an interview concerning his
political views and moral behaviour in order to re-enter the US.
Although McGranery told the press that he had "a pretty good
case against Chaplin", Maland has concluded, on the basis of
the FBI files that were released in the 1980s, that the US
government had no real evidence to prevent Chaplin's re-entry. It
is likely that he would have gained entry if he had applied for
it. However, when Chaplin received a cablegram informing him of
the news, he privately decided to cut his ties with the United
States: "Whether I re-entered that unhappy country or not was
of little consequence to me. I would like to have told them that
the sooner I was rid of that hate-beleaguered atmosphere the
better, that I was fed up of America's insults and moral
pomposity...". On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1957: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: Nuclear Warfare: Nuclear Weapons
Testing: American Nuclear Warfare: American Nuclear Weapons
Testing: Operation Plumbbob: The Plumbbob Rainier Test (The
Plumbbob Rainier Shot): -- The first nuclear explosion to be
entirely contained underground, producing no fallout, occurs at
the Nevada Test Site in southeastern Nye County, Nevada. This test
of 1.7 kt could be detected around the world by seismologists
using ordinary seismic instruments. The Rainier test became the
prototype for larger and more powerful underground tests.
Operation Plumbbob was a series of nuclear tests conducted between
May 28 and October 7, 1957, at the Nevada Test Site. It was the
biggest, longest, and most controversial test series in the
continental United States. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19-20, 1961: Unidentified
Flying Objects (UFOs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs):
UFO Incidents (Unidentified Flying Object Incidents): Alien
Abductions: The Barney And Betty Hill Incident (The Hill
Abduction, The Zeta Reticuli Incident): -- American couple Barney
and Betty Hill claim they were abducted by extraterrestrials in a
rural portion of the state of New Hampshire during the evening of
September 19-20, 1961. During the abduction, Betty Hill claims to
have been shown a three-dimensional star map that she drew after
the event; according to some researchers and a computer analysis,
that map appears to depict the Zeta Reticuli star system, which
the alien that showed Hill the map told her was where they came
from. Their story was adapted into the best-selling 1966 book The
Interrupted Journey and the 1975 television film The UFO Incident.
Most of Betty Hill's notes, tapes, and other items have been
placed in the permanent collection at the University of New
Hampshire, her alma mater. July 2011, the New Hampshire Division
of Historical Resources marked the site of the alleged craft's
first approach with a historical marker. The Hills' story was
widely publicized in books and movies. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1976: Unidentified Flying
Objects (UFOs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs): UFO
Incidents (Unidentified Flying Object Incidents): UFO Aviation
Incidents (Unidentifed Flying Object Aviation Incidents): The 1976
Tehran UFO Incident: -- In one of the most significant events in
the history of Ufology, two Imperial Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom
II jets fly out during the early morning hours to investigate a
radar and visual sighting of an unidentified flying object (UFO)
over Tehran, the capital of Iran, when both interceptors
independently lose instrumentation and communications as they
approach, only to have them restored upon withdrawal. One of the
aircraft also reported a temporary weapons systems failure while
the crew was preparing to open fire. An initial report of the
incident was relayed to the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff on the day
of the incident. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1916: The European Civil
War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of
World War I): The African Theatre Of World War I: The East African
Campaign Of World War I: The Tabora Offensive (April-September,
1916) The Battle Of Tabora (French: Bataille De Tabora) (September
8-19, 1916): -- Colonial armed forces of the Belgian Congo (Force
Publique) under the command of General Charles Tombeur capture the
settlement of Kigoma and the town of Tabora, the largest town in
the north-west interior of the colony of German East Africa
(modern-day Tanzania) after heavy fighting, bringing an end to The
Battle Of Tabora (September 8-19, 1916) and pushing the German
colonial army back. The victory not only left much of the
Ruanda-Urundi territory under Belgian military occupation but gave
the Allies control of the important Tanganjikabahn railway. The
Battle of Tabora began September 8, 1916 when the Belgian southern
brigade commanded by Colonel Frederik Valdemar Olsen advanced to
Tabora following the Tanganyika Railway (Tanganjikabahn), which
the German colonial army destroyed as they withdrew to the east.
Tabora was an open plain surrounded by hills, which German Maj.
Gen. Wahle had used to build his defences. The southern brigade
took control of the German railway station at Usoke on 30 August,
in response Wahle sent reinforcements from Tabora to Usoke by
train. The German Schutztruppen launched the counterattack on
Usoke from 2 to 3 September, which was repelled by the Force
Publique. On the 7th, General Wahle launched another counterattack
on the train station of Usoke, this time a naval gun was mounted
on one of the railway wagons. Both sides suffered heavy losses,
the train station was bombarded, the Force publique launched an
attack, and the Germans were pushed back. When the last resistance
in Usoke (west of Tabora) was broken, the Belgians advanced to
reach the German defences of Tabora at Lulanguru on 8 September.
The southern brigade led the offensive actions for the next 4
days, closing in on Tabora from the west. Wahle established his
main positions at Itaga, north of Tabora. From 10-12 September the
northern brigade encountered heavy German resistance in the hills
of Itaga, where they suffered considerable casualties. By this
time Wahle's forces were reduced to 1.100 rifles and the desertion
of his askari soldiers multiplied. On September 16, the Germans
intercepted a letter from Crewe for colonel Molitor (Brigade
Nord), which stated that the main offensive from the north was
planned for the 19th. After heavy fighting, the German army
retreated to the southeast, in three columns. The civilian
authorities of Tabora surrendered to the troops of the Force
Publique on September 19. The Belgians liberated around 200 Allied
prisoners of war (mainly Belgians and British) and 228 German
soldiers were captured. The Force Publique lost 1,300 soldiers. On
3 October, after the Allies had established control of the African
Great Lakes region, Lake Force was disbanded. Wahle, in
anticipation of an Allied pursuit, was retreating at a rapid pace
to Mahenge and found himself in unexplored and uninhabited
terrain, with no water and food at his disposal. The victory not
only left much of the Ruanda-Urundi territory under Belgian
military occupation but gave the Allies control of the important
Tanganjikabahn railway. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1939: September 10, 1939:
The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The
European Theater Of World War II): The Invasion Of Poland (The
September Campaign, The Polish Campaign, The War Of Poland Of
1939, The Polish Defensive War Of 1939): The Battle Of Kepa
Oksywska (September 10-19, 1939): -- One of the bloodiest battles
of the campaign concludes as the Polish commander of the Land
Coastal Defence forces, Pulkownik (Polish: "Colonel")
Stanislaw Dabek, was finally forced to order a cease-fire, after
some 110 skirmishes were fought in an area of less than 4 square
kilometres, constant aerial bombardment and lack of supplies and
reinforcements, and 2,000 dead and 7,000 wounded Polish casualties
-- roughly 14% of all the forces engaged, with virtually no
unwounded soldiers. Col. Dabek then committed suicide. The Battle
Of Kepa Oksywska began in the Oksywie Heights outside the city of
Gdynia after a series of skirmishes in the vicinity of Reda at the
western outskirts of Gdynia outside the city of Gdynia, putting
Col. Dabek in a difficult position. His forces, centred on the
port of Gdynia, were forced to wage a two-front war against the
German forces advancing both from the west and from the territory
of the Free City of Danzig. The main part of his forces was facing
the German forces under General der Flieger Leonhard Kaupisch,
advancing from the east along the shores of the Gdansk Bay. At the
same time a smaller detachment of the Polish forces prepared a
stand in the area of Oksywie, where the German forces managed to
cut the Poles out of the nearby Hel Peninsula. Thus Gdynia was
besieged. Although the Polish forces managed to halt the German
blitzkrieg and the fighting resembled World War I on the western
front, the besieged garrison was suffering heavy losses and
desperately needed to shorten its front lines. As there was no
chance of relief of the besieged Polish forces by a strong force
from the Polish mainland, the Heights offered a decent defensive
position. Although completely unprepared for defence, the area was
densely forested and made enemy penetration and aerial and naval
bombardment much more difficult. In order to spare the city from
destruction in the event likely urban combat, on September 12,
Col. Dabek ordered all of his forces to withdraw to Oksywie
Heights to the north-east of the town, thus abandoning Gdynia.
Until September 14 all Polish forces, by then reduced to roughly
9,000 servicemen, gradually withdrew to the area, along with up to
140 heavy machine guns (HMGs), 14 mortars, 23 pieces of artillery
and a large number of civilian refugees. Massed in an area no
greater than 4 km2, the Poles were able to inflict heavy losses on
the numerically and technically superior enemy. On Sale Until
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1944: The European Civil
War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater
Of World War II): The Western Front Of World War II: The Siegfried
Line Campaign (The Pursuit To The Rhine, The Allied Advance From
Paris To The Rhine, The Liberation Of Western Europe): The Battle
Of Hurtgen Forest (German: Schlacht Im Hurtgenwald): Operation
Queen (The Battle Of Hurtgen Forest Second Phase): -- The longest
battle on German ground during World War II, and the the longest
single battle the U.S. Army has ever fought, begins between
American and German forces in the Huertgen Forest, a 54 square
mile area about 3 miles east of the Belgian-German border. The
Battle Of Hurtgen Forest was a series of fierce battles fought
from September 19 to December 16, 1944. The U.S. commanders'
initial goal was to pin down German forces in the area to keep
them from reinforcing the front lines farther north in the Battle
of Aachen, where the US forces were fighting against the Siegfried
Line network of fortified industrial towns and villages speckled
with pillboxes, tank traps and minefields. A secondary objective
may have been to outflank the front line. The Americans' initial
tactical objectives were to take Schmidt and clear Monschau. In a
second phase the Allies wanted to advance to the Rur River as part
of Operation Queen, an Anglo-American operation during World War
II at the Western Front at the German Siegfried Line.
Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model intended to bring the Allied
thrust to a standstill. While he interfered less in the day-to-day
movements of units than at the Battle of Arnhem, he still kept
himself fully informed on the situation, slowing the Allies'
progress, inflicting heavy casualties and taking full advantage of
the fortifications the Germans called the Westwall, better known
to the Allies as the Siegfried Line. The Hurtgen Forest cost the
U.S. First Army at least 33,000 killed and wounded, including both
combat and non-combat losses, with upper estimate at 55,000;
German casualties were 28,000. The city of Aachen in the north
eventually fell on 22 October at high cost to the U.S. Ninth Army,
but they failed to cross the Rur or wrest control of its dams from
the Germans. The battle was so costly that it has been described
as an Allied "defeat of the first magnitude," with
specific credit given to Model. The Germans fiercely defended the
area because it served as a staging area for the 1944 winter
offensive Unternehmen: Wacht am Rhein (Operation: Watch on the
Rhine), later known as the Battle Of The Bulge, and because the
mountains commanded access to the Rur Dam at the head of the Rur
Reservoir (Rurstausee). The Allies failed to capture the area
after several heavy setbacks and the Germans successfully held the
region until they launched their last-ditch offensive into the
Ardennes. This was launched on 16 December which ended the Hurtgen
offensive. The Battle Of The Bulge gained widespread press and
public attention, leaving the Battle Of Hurtgen Forest largely
forgotten. The over-all cost of the Siegfried Line Campaign in
American personnel was close to 140,000. On Sale Until Midnight
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1994: Haiti: The History Of
Haiti: The Republic Of Haiti: The History Of The Republic Of
Haiti: The Haitian Military Junta (1991-1994): Operation Uphold
Democracy: -- In accordance with the United Nations Security
Council Resolution 940 (UNSCR940) of July 31, 1994, American
President Bill Clinton sends 20,000 U.S. troops, assisted by
Polish and Argentine troops, to Haiti to return President
Jean-Bertrand Aristide to the country, who had been living in
exile since a 1991 military coup, along with other authorities of
the Government of Haiti, and to restore them to power. Operation
Uphold Democracy was a military intervention designed to remove
the military regime installed by the 1991 Haitian coup d'etat that
overthrew the elected President Aristide. The United States had
negotiated the peaceful departure of Haiti's military leaders from
the country, which enabled the peaceful entry the 20,000 US troops
of Operation Uphold Democracy, which in turn enabled the
restoration of the democratically elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide
as president. Aristide then returned to Haiti in October to
complete his term. As part of the deal, Aristide had to implement
free market reforms in an attempt to improve the Haitian economy,
with mixed results. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1881: #DOTD: #RIP: James A.
Garfield, American soldier, lawyer, United States Senator from
Ohio and 20th President of the United States (b. November 19,
1831) #dies aged 49 in Elberon, New Jersey from an assassin's
bullet, shot by disgruntled office seeker Charles J. Guiteau while
walking into the railway station in Washington, DC, on the morning
of July 2, 1881. Garfield survived until September 19, 1881, when
he succumbed to blood poisoning unintentionally caused by his
treatment; by modern medical standards, the wound would have been
relatively easy to treat and recover from. He is buried at The
James A. Garfield Memorial in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio.
James A. Garfield was born James Abram Garfield in a log cabin and
poverty in Orange, Ohio. He served from March 4 to September 19,
1881. He was shot by disgruntled office seeker Charles J. Guiteau
while walking into the railway station in Washington, DC, on the
morning of July 2, 1881. Garfield survived until September 19,
1881, when he succumbed to blood poisoning unintentionally caused
by his treatment; by modern medical standards, the wound would
have been relatively easy to treat and recover from. After
graduating from Williams College, Garfield studied law and became
an attorney before entering politics as a Republican in 1857. He
served as a member of the Ohio State Senate from 1859 to 1861.
Garfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general
in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and fought in the
battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first
elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th district.
Throughout Garfield's congressional service after the war, he
firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a
skilled orator. He initially agreed with Radical Republican views
on Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach to civil
rights enforcement for freedmen. At the 1880 Republican National
Convention, delegates chose Garfield, who had not sought the White
House, as a compromise presidential nominee on the 36th ballot. In
the 1880 presidential election, he conducted a low-key front porch
campaign and narrowly defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock.
Garfield's accomplishments as president included a resurgence of
presidential authority against senatorial courtesy in executive
appointments, purging corruption in the Post Office, and
appointing a U.S. Supreme Court justice. He enhanced the powers of
the presidency when he defied the powerful New York senator Roscoe
Conkling by appointing William H. Robertson to the lucrative post
of Collector of the Port of New York, starting a fracas that ended
with Robertson's confirmation and Conkling's resignation from the
Senate. Garfield advocated agricultural technology, an educated
electorate, and civil rights for African Americans. He also
proposed substantial civil service reforms, which were passed by
Congress in 1883 and signed into law by his successor, Chester A.
Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. On Sale Until
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 15-27, 1959: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1953-1962): Soviet
Union-United States Relations: Soviet Union-United States
Conferences: The State Visit Of Nikita Khrushchev To The United
States (September 15-27, 1959): Day 5, September 19, 1959: 9:30AM:
--Before boarding a flight to Los Angeles, Khrushchev gives a
speech thanking the people of New York for their hospitality, only
expressing regret that he "had no opportunity of coming into
contact with the ordinary people, the workers, who are the
backbone of the life of the city, the producers of its wealth."
The state visit of Nikita Khrushchev to the United States was a
13-day visit from September 15-27, 1959. It marked the first state
visit of a Soviet leader to the US. Khrushchev, then General
Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman
of the Council of Ministers, was also the first ethnic Ukrainian
leader to set foot in the Western Hemisphere. Being the first
visit by a leader of his kind, the coverage of it resulted in an
extended media circus. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1931: #BOTD: #HBD! Brook
Benton, African American pop, R & B, rock & roll
singer-songwriter and actor (d. April 9, 1988) is #born Benjamin
Franklin Peay in Lugoff, South Carolina. During the late 1950s and
early 1960s, he scored hits such as "It's Just a Matter of
Time" and "Endlessly", many of which he co-wrote.
He made a comeback in 1970 with the ballad "Rainy Night in
Georgia." Benton scored over 50 Billboard chart hits as an
artist, and also wrote hits for other performers. He also appeared
in Alan Freed's 1957 musical film Mister Rock And Roll,. Weakened
from spinal meningitis, Benton died of pneumonia in Queens, New
York City, at the age of 56. He was survived by his wife, Mary
Benton, and six children: Brook Jr., Vanessa, Roy, Is'real,
Gerald, and Benjamin, all of Queens. He is buried at Unity Family
Life Center Cemetery in Lugoff, South Carolina, the town of his
birth. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1927: #BOTD: #HBD! Nick
Massi, American bass singer, songwriter, and bass guitarist for
The Four Seasons (d. December 24, 2000) is #born Nicholas E.
Macioci in Newark, New Jersey. Born, Nicholas "Massi"
Macioci first learned to play the bass fiddle by Newark native and
musician, Anthony Gaeta. As a bass singer, Massi had been playing
with several bands before he joined The Four Lovers in 1958,
including some groups that featured future Four Lovers and Four
Seasons members Frankie Valli and Tommy DeVito. After the group
evolved into the Four Seasons, he was responsible for most of the
group's vocal arrangements. While a member of The Four Seasons,
Massi's vocal arrangements helped result in the number-one hits
"Sherry" (1962), "Big Girls Don't Cry" (1962),
"Walk Like a Man" and (1963), "Rag Doll";
"Dawn" (1964) remained at #3 for three weeks, then
dropped to make way for two further Beatles singles ("Twist
and Shout" and "Please Please Me"); during its
six-week run in the Top Ten (only Beatles hits ranked above it in
the charts). Massi left the Four Seasons in September 1965, and
was replaced temporarily by Charles Calello who, in turn, was
replaced by Joe Long. Massi, Tommy DeVito, Frankie Valli, and Bob
Gaudio - the original members of The Four Seasons - were inducted
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group
Hall of Fame in 1999. Massi died of cancer at his home in West
Orange, New Jersey. He is buried in Graceland Memorial Park
cemetary in Kenilworth, New Jersey. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Bill
Medley, American singer and record producer, best known as one
half of The Righteous Brothers, is #born William Thomas Medley in
Santa Ana, California. He is noted for his bass-baritone voice,
exemplified in songs such as "You've Lost That Lovin'
Feelin'". Medley produced a number of the duo's songs,
including "Unchained Melody" and "(You're My) Soul
and Inspiration". Medley is a successful solo artist, and his
million-selling No. 1 duet with Jennifer Warnes "(I've Had)
The Time of My Life" won a number of awards.. In the 1980s,
Medley also had a string of country music chart hits. On Sale
Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1934: #BOTD: #HBD! Brian
Epstein, English businessman, impresario, music entrepreneur and
manager, most famous as the manager of the Beatles from 1962 until
his death (d. August 27, 1967) is #born Brian Samuel Epstein to a
Jewish family at 4 Rodney Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, North
West England. Epstein first discovered the Beatles in November
1961 during a lunchtime performance at The Cavern Club. He was
instantly impressed and saw great potential in the group. Epstein
was rejected by nearly all major recording companies in London,
until he secured a meeting with George Martin, head of EMI's
Parlophone label. In May 1962, Martin agreed to sign the Beatles,
partly because of Epstein's conviction that the group would become
internationally famous. The Beatles' early success has been
attributed to Epstein's management style, and the band trusted him
without hesitation. In his 1970 Rolling Stone interview, John
Lennon commented that Epstein's death marked the beginning of the
end for the group: "I knew that we were in trouble then ... I
thought, 'We've fucking had it now.'" Paul McCartney
summarised the importance of Epstein when he was interviewed in
1997 for a BBC documentary about Epstein, saying, "If anyone
was the Fifth Beatle, it was Brian." Brian Epstein died under
controversial circumstances of an overdose of Carbrital, a
hypnotic preparation combining the barbiturate pentobarbital with
the bromide carbromal, in his locked bedroom. He was discovered
after his butler who, having been unable to rouse Epstein via his
locked bedroom door, called Epstein's PA, Joanne Petersen. She
arrived, failed to rouse him, and called his doctor who, with the
butler, broke down the door and found Epstein in his bed,
appearing to be asleep, an open book near his hand and some
digestive biscuits on the nightstand. When they realised that he
was dead, staff swept the house for contraband and then called the
police. Epstein was found on a single bed, dressed in pyjamas,
with various correspondence spread over a second single bed. At
the statutory inquest his death was officially ruled an accident,
caused by a gradual buildup of Carbrital combined with alcohol in
his system. It was revealed that he had taken six Carbrital pills
to sleep, which was probably normal for him, but in combination
with alcohol they reduced his tolerance. The Beatles were on a
retreat in Bangor in North Wales at the time, with the Indian guru
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Epstein had previously agreed to travel to
Bangor after the August Bank Holiday. The second of two shows by
Jimi Hendrix at Epstein's Saville Theatre was cancelled on the
evening of Epstein's death. Peter Brown wrote in his memoir, The
Love You Make: An Insider's Story of the Beatles, that he had once
found a suicide note written by Epstein and had spoken with him
about it. According to Brown the note read in part, "This is
all too much and I can't take it any more." Brown had also
found a will in which Epstein left his house and money to his
mother and his brother, with Brown also being named as a minor
beneficiary. When confronted with the notes, Epstein told Brown
that he would be grateful if Brown did not tell anyone, and that
he was sorry he had made Brown worry. He explained that when he
wrote the note and composed the will he had simply taken one pill
too many, and that he had no intention of overdosing, promising to
be more careful in the future. Brown later wrote that he wondered
if he had done the right thing by not showing the note to
Epstein's doctor, Norman Cowan, who would have stopped prescribing
drugs. The coroner, Gavin Thurston, told the Westminster inquest
that Epstein's death was caused by an overdose of Carbrital and
ruled it as an accidental death. The pathologist, Donald Teare,
stated that Epstein had been taking bromide in the form of
Carbrital for some time, and that the barbiturate level in
Epstein's blood was a "low fatal level". The Beatles did
not attend Epstein's funeral, both to allow his family some
privacy and to avoid attracting fans and the media. According to
Geoffrey Ellis, chief executive of NEMS Enterprises, the day
before the funeral George Harrison had given Nat Weiss, Epstein's
good friend and confidant, a single flower (Ellis remembers it as
a chrysanthemum) wrapped in a newspaper on behalf of all four
Beatles, with instructions to place the flower on Brian's coffin
as a final farewell. However, flowers are forbidden at Jewish
funerals and burials. Weiss and Ellis discussed this dilemma while
walking back to the grave, where they observed two men beginning
to shovel dirt onto the casket. Ellis later wrote: "Nat, who
himself was Jewish, cast the newspaper package unopened onto
Brian's coffin, where it was swiftly covered by earth."
Epstein was buried in section A grave H12, in the Long Lane Jewish
Cemetery, Aintree, Liverpool. The service at the graveside was
held by Rabbi Norman Solomon, who said, disparagingly, that
Epstein was "a symbol of the malaise of our generation".
A few weeks later, on October 17, all four Beatles attended a
memorial service for Epstein at the New London Synagogue in St
John's Wood (near Abbey Road Studios), which was officiated by
Rabbi Louis Jacobs. The Bee Gees' 1968 song "In the Summer of
His Years" was written and recorded as a tribute to Epstein.
Epstein was upset that he was not honoured along with Lennon,
McCartney, Harrison, and Starr when they received the MBE in 1965,
though Harrison once said that the MBE stood for "Mister
Brian Epstein"; The Beatles were among the earliest entrants
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but Epstein was not included
in the Hall's "Non-Performers' Section" until 2014, and
not without controversy as he was inducted alongside Rolling
Stones manager Andrew Loog Oldham who refused to attend, in part
in protest at what he perceived as the indignity of a joint
induction. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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September 19, 1940: Paul Williams
(songwriter), American songwriter and actor, known for writing and
co-writing popular songs performed by a number of acts in the
1970s, including Three Dog Night's "An Old Fashioned Love
Song" and "Out in the Country", Helen Reddy's "You
and Me Against the World", Biff Rose's "Fill Your
Heart", and the Carpenters' "We've Only Just Begun"
and "Rainy Days and Mondays", president and chairman of
the American songwriting society ASCAP since 2009, is #born Paul
Hamilton Williams Jr. in Omaha, Nebraska. Williams is also known
for writing the score and lyrics for Bugsy Malone (1976) and his
musical contributions to other films, including the
Oscar-nominated song "Rainbow Connection" from The
Muppet Movie, and writing the lyrics to the No. 1 chart-topping
song "Evergreen", the love theme from the Barbra
Streisand film A Star Is Born, for which he won a Grammy for Song
of the Year and an Academy Award for Best Original Song. He wrote
the lyrics to the opening theme for the television show The Love
Boat, with music previously composed by Charles Fox, which was
originally sung by Jack Jones and, later, by Dionne Warwick.
Williams has had a variety of high-profile acting roles, such as
Little Enos Burdette in the action-comedy Smokey and the Bandit
(1977) and the villainous Swan in Brian De Palma's Phantom of the
Paradise (1974), which Williams also co-scored, receiving an Oscar
nomination in the process. He also voiced the Penguin in several
projects in the DC Animated Universe. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1928: #BOTD: #HBD! Adam
West, American actor and businessman (d. June 9, 2017) is #born
William West Anderson in Walla Walla, Washington. Adam West was
widely known for his role as Batman in the 1960s ABC series of the
same name, its 1966 theatrical feature film and two animated
feature films Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders (2016) and
Batman vs. Two-Face (2017) (The second one being his final work
and released posthumously). West began acting in films in the
1950s. He played opposite Chuck Connors in Geronimo (1962) and The
Three Stooges in The Outlaws Is Coming (1965). He also appeared in
the science fiction film Robinson Crusoe on Mars (1964), and
performed voice work on The Fairly OddParents (2001), The Simpsons
(1992, 2002), and Family Guy (2000-2017), playing fictional
versions of himself in all three. West died of leukemia in Los
Angeles, California at the age of 88. He was cremated, and his
ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean. In a statement, his
former Batman co-star and longtime friend Burt Ward said: "This
is a terribly unexpected loss of my lifelong friend, I will
forever miss him. There are several fine actors who have portrayed
Batman in films. In my eyes, there was only one real Batman: that
is and always will be Adam West. He was truly the Bright Knight."
On June 15, 2017, Los Angeles projected the Bat-Signal on City
Hall as a tribute to West, and in his hometown of Walla Walla,
Washington, the Bat-Signal was shone upon the landmark Whitman
Tower. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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September 19, 1870: The Unification Of
Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung): The Franco-Prussian War (The
Franco-German War, The War Of 1870): The Siege Of Paris (The Siege
Of Paris 1870-1871): -- A four-month-long siege of the city of
Paris begins; the city holds out for until January 28, 1871 when
it surrendered, bringing an end to the Franco-Prussian War. The
consequent capture of the city by Prussian forces led to the
establishment of the German Empire as a German nation state, and
thereby the Unification of Germany, and to the establishment of
the Paris Commune, the radical socialist and revolutionary
government that ruled Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871 that Karl
Marx described as an example of the "dictatorship of the
proletariat". The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War,
often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 - 28
January 1871) or in Germany as 70/71, was a conflict between the
Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the
North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The
conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German
unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance
of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some
historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto Von Bismarck
deliberately provoked a French attack in order to draw the
independent southern German states-Baden, Wurttemberg, Bavaria and
Hesse-Darmstadt-into an alliance with the North German
Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that
Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the
circumstances as they unfolded. None, however, dispute the fact
that Bismarck must have recognized the potential for new German
alliances, given the situation as a whole. On 16 July 1870, the
French parliament voted to declare war on the German Kingdom of
Prussia and hostilities began three days later. The German
coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French
and rapidly invaded northeastern France. The German forces were
superior in numbers, had better training and leadership and made
more effective use of modern technology, particularly railroads
and artillery. A series of swift Prussian and German victories in
eastern France, culminating in the Siege Of Metz and the Battle of
Sedan, saw Napoleon III captured and the army of the Second Empire
decisively defeated. A Government of National Defence declared the
Third Republic in Paris on 4 September and continued the war for
another five months; the German forces fought and defeated new
French armies in northern France. Following the Siege Of Paris,
the capital fell on 28 January 1871, and then a revolutionary
uprising called the Paris Commune seized power in the capital and
held it for two months, until it was bloodily suppressed by the
regular French army at the end of May 1871. On 18 January 1871, in
the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles in Paris. on the
anniversary of the coronation of the first Prussian king in 1701,
the victorious German states proclaimed Wilhelm I as Kaiser of the
German Empire, and proclaimed their union of states as being
collectively constitutuents of that German Empire, thereby finally
uniting the German states as the single nation-state of Germany.
The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 that followed gave Germany
most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the
Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland
Elsass-Lothringen). The German conquest of France and the
unification of Germany upset the European balance of power that
had existed since the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and Otto Von
Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for
two decades. French determination to regain Alsace-Lorraine and
fear of another Franco-German war, along with British apprehension
about the balance of power, became factors in the causes of World
War I. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
TV Commercials: The Cable Age Classics II DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1909: #BOTD: Ferdinand
Porsche, mainly known as Ferry Porsche, Austrian-German engineer,
technical automobile designer, automaker-entrepreneur and
businessman who operated Porsche AG in Stuttgart, Germany (d.
March 27, 1998) is #born Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche in Wiener
Neustadt, Austria-Hungary. His father, Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. was
also a renowned automobile engineer and founder of Volkswagen and
Porsche. His nephew, Ferdinand Piech, was the longtime chairman of
Volkswagen Group, and his son, Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, was
involved in the design of the 911. Ferry Porsche's life was
intimately connected with that of his father, Ferdinand Porsche,
Sr., who began sharing his knowledge of mechanical engineering
already in his childhood. With his father he opened a bureau of
automobile design, in Stuttgart in 1931. They worked together to
fulfill their country's National Socialist regime's needs and they
met Adolf Hitler at many business events. The Volkswagen Beetle
was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, Sr. and a team of engineers,
including Ferry Porsche. After World War II, while his father
remained imprisoned in France being accused of war crimes, Ferry
Porsche ran their company. Aided by the postwar Volkswagen
enterprise, he created the first cars that were uniquely
associated with the company. Despite the political-economical
adversities of the postwar years, the company manufactured
automobiles and, eventually, became a world powerhouse for
producing sports cars. Ferdinand Porsche died 74 days short of the
50th anniversary of the company at the age of 88, at the Porsche
family farm in Zell am See, Austria. He is buried there at the
Schuttgut church, beside his parents, his wife Dorothea and Anton
Piech. Porsche AG conducted a memorial service soon after in
Stuttgart. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB
Drive
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1676: The Colonial History
Of The United States: The Colonial History Of The United States:
The Military History Of The Thirteen Colonies: The Colonial
History Of The United States: Native American History: The Native
American History Of Virginia: The Military History Of The Thirteen
Colonies: Colonial American And Indian Wars: Anti-Indigenous
Racism: Anti-Indigenous Racism In Virginia: Slave Rebellions:
Slave Rebellions In The United States: Bacon's Rebellion: --
Jamestown, Virginia is burned to the ground by Virginia settlers
led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Colonial Governor Of
Virginia William Berkeley in reaction to Berkeley's friendly
policies toward the Native Americans. The colony's dismissive
policy as it related to the political challenges of its western
frontier, along with other challenges including leaving Bacon out
of his inner circle, refusing to allow Bacon to be a part of his
fur trade with the Indians, and Doeg American Indian attacks,
helped to motivate a popular uprising against Berkeley, who had
failed to address the demands of the colonists regarding their
safety. A thousand Virginians of all classes and races rose up in
arms against Berkeley, attacking Indians, chasing Berkeley from
Jamestown, Virginia, and ultimately torching the capital. The
rebellion was first suppressed by a few armed merchant ships from
London whose captains sided with Berkeley and the loyalists.
Government forces from England arrived soon after and spent
several years defeating pockets of resistance and reforming the
colonial government to be once more under direct royal control. It
was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which
discontented frontiersmen took part. A somewhat similar uprising
in Maryland involving John Coode and Josias Fendall took place
shortly afterwards. The alliance between indentured servants and
Africans (most enslaved until death or freed), united by their
bond-servitude, disturbed the ruling class, who responded by
hardening the racial caste of slavery in an attempt to divide the
two races from subsequent united uprisings with the passage of the
Virginia Slave Codes of 1705. While the farmers did not succeed in
their initial goal of driving the Indians from Virginia, the
rebellion did result in Berkeley being recalled to England. The
rebellion collapsed when Bacon died from dysentery. On Sale Until
Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Darrow (1991) Kevin Spacey TV Docudrama DVD, Video Download, USB
Drive
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1909: #BOTD: #HBD: Bobby
Franks, murder victim of what was at the time known as "The
Crime Of The Century" (May 22, 1924) is #born Robert Emanuel
Franks in Chicago, Illinois. On May 21, 1924, University Of
Chicago students Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. (November 19, 1904
- August 29, 1971) and Richard Albert Loeb (June 11, 1905 -
January 28, 1936), usually referred to collectively as Leopold and
Loeb, were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who
on May 21, 1924 kidnapped 14-year-old Bobby Franks in Chicago,
Illinois and murdered him the following day. He is buried in the
Franks family crypt at Rosehill Cemetery and Mausoleum in Chicago.
Leopold and Loeb committed the "thrill killing" murder
as a demonstration of their ostensible intellectual superiority,
which, they thought, enabled them to carry out a "perfect
crime" and absolve them of responsibility for their actions.
After the two men were arrested, Loeb's family retained Clarence
Darrow as lead counsel for their defense. Darrow's 12-hour
summation at their sentencing hearing is noted for its influential
criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than
transformative justice. Both young men were sentenced to life
imprisonment plus 99 years. Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner
in 1936; Leopold was released on parole in 1958. The Franks murder
has been the inspiration for several dramatic works, including
Patrick Hamilton's 1929 play Rope and Alfred Hitchcock's 1948 film
of the same name. Later works, such as Compulsion (1959), adapted
from Meyer Levin's 1957 novel; Swoon (1992); and Murder by Numbers
(2002) were also based on the crime. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
WABC Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download,
USB
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Sylvia
Tyson, Canadian singer-songwriter, musician and broadcaster, best
known as part of the Canadian folk and country music duo Ian &
Sylvia with Ian Tyson, is #born Sylvia Fricker in Chatham,
Ontario, the second of four children. Ian & Sylvia began
performing together in 1959 (full-time in 1961) and married on
June 26, 1964, the same year that they released their third album,
Northern Journey, that included the first song Sylvia wrote "You
Were on My Mind", their best-known song, later recorded by
both the San Francisco-based folk-rock band We Five (a 1965 #4 on
the RPM charts, #1 on the Cashbox chart, #3 on the Billboard Hot
100) and by British folk rock singer Crispian St. Peters (#29 on
the RPM charts) in 1967. It was a song about her addiction to
heroin at that time. Another of their songs, "Four Strong
Winds" by Bobby Bare made, it to #3 on the country charts
around the same time as the album was released. At a young age
Fricker decided to become a singer. Although her parents tried to
discourage her from pursuing a career as an entertainer, she left
Chatham in 1959 to perform in Toronto. Ian & Sylvia met after
a friend of Ian's heard her sing at a party and let Ian know about
her. Ian had been performing in Toronto clubs as a solo artist,
but after he and Fricker met, they decided to work together as a
duo. Their full-time collaboration began in 1961 and continued for
a decade. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, she and Ian
Tyson also fronted the country rock band Great Speckled Bird.
During their years together, Ian & Sylvia recorded 13 albums.
The Tysons were divorced and stopped performing together in 1975.
During their marriage, they had one child, Clayton Dawson Tyson.
After the Tysons separated and stopped performing together in
1975, Sylvia started a solo career. She released two albums on
Capitol Records, Woman's World in 1975 and Cool Wind from the
North in 1976. In 1978, she established an independent record
label, Salt Records. With the label she released the albums, Satin
On Stone in 1978 and Sugar For Sugar in 1979. On November 3, 2023
at the age of 83, Tyson released what she states is her last album
titled 'At the End of the Day'. Sylvia Tyson was made a member of
the Order of Canada in 1994. She was nominated seven times for a
Juno Award, the first being in 1987 as Country Female Vocalist of
the Year. Sylvia Tyson contributed offstage to the Canadian music
scene as a board member of FACTOR and the Juno Awards. With Tom
Russell, she was an editor of the 1995 anthology "And Then I
Wrote: The Songwriter Speaks" (ISBN 9781551520230).[17] In
2011, she wrote her first novel, Joyner's Dream. Sylvia joined Ian
to sing their signature song "Four Strong Winds" at the
50th anniversary of the Mariposa Folk Festival on 11 July 2010 in
Orillia, Ontario. In 2012, Tyson and singer-songwriter Cindy
Church wrote a campaign song for the Alberta Party, a centrist
political party in Alberta. The Canadian Music Hall of Fame
inducted Ian & Sylvia as a duo in 1992. Since 1993, she has
been a member of the all-female folk group Quartette. In 2003,
Sylvia Tyson was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of
Fame. In July 2019, it was announced that Ian Tyson and Sylvia
Tyson would be inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame
individually, not as a duo. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
said that "the duo's 1964's hit, Four Strong Winds, has been
deemed one of the most influential songs in Canadian history".
The CBC report also referenced the song You Were on My Mind,
written by Sylvia Tyson, as well as her four albums (1975-1980).
On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Young Charlie Chaplin (1989) 6 Part TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1949: #BOTD: #HBD! Twiggy,
English model, actress, singer, beauty, cultural icon and a
prominent teenage model in swinging sixties London, is #born
Lesley Hornby in Neasden, Middlesex (now a suburb of North-West
London), England. Dame Lesley Lawson DBE (nee Hornby was initially
known for her thin build (thus her nickname) and her androgynous
look consisting of big eyes, long eyelashes, and short hair. In
1966, she was named "The Face of 1966" by the Daily
Express and voted British Woman of the Year. By 1967, she had
modelled in France, Japan, and the US, and had landed on the
covers of Vogue and The Tatler. Her fame had spread worldwide.
After modelling, Twiggy enjoyed a successful career as a screen,
stage, and television actress. Her role in The Boy Friend (1971)
brought her two Golden Globe Awards. She has hosted her own series
Twiggy's People, in which she interviewed celebrities; she also
appeared as a judge on the reality show America's Next Top Model.
Her 1998 autobiography Twiggy in Black and White entered the
best-seller lists. Since 2005, she has modelled for Marks and
Spencer, most recently to promote their recent rebranding,
appearing in television advertisements and print media, alongside
Myleene Klass, Erin O'Connor, Lily Cole, and others. On Sale Until
Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The Golden Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash
Drive
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1941: #BOTD: #HBD! Cass
Elliot, also known as Mama Cass, American singer and actress who
is best known for having been a member of The Mamas And The Papas
(d. 1974) is #born Ellen Naomi Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland; all
four of her grandparents were Russian Jewish immigrants. After the
group broke up, Ellen Naomi Cohen released five solo albums.
Elliot adopted the name "Cass" in high school, possibly
borrowing it from actress Peggy Cass, according to Denny Doherty.
She assumed the surname "Elliot" some time later, in
memory of a friend who had died. Cass Elliot died in her sleep of
a heart attack at age 32 in Flat 12, 9 Curzon Place (later Curzon
Square), Shepherd Market, Mayfair, London, owned by Harry Nilsson.
According to Keith Simpson, who conducted her autopsy, there were
no drugs in her system.. Four years later, The Who's drummer Keith
Moon died in the same bedroom, also aged 32 years. At the time,
and for decades later, it was generally thought by the public she
had died from choking on a sandwich. Elliot's body was cremated at
the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. Her
ashes were later buried in Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in
Los Angeles. In 1998, she was posthumously inducted into the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame for her work with the Mamas and the Papas.
On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Music Documentaries III Video Pioneers Tom Waits Turtles DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1985: Aesthetics: The
Performing Arts: Music: Music History: Music Of The United States:
Censorship: Censorship In The United States: Censorship Of
Aesthetics: Censorship Of Aesthetics In The United States:
Censorship Of The Performing Arts: Censorship Of The Performing
Arts In The United States: Censorship Of Music: Censorship Of
Music In The United States: The Parents Music Resource Center
(PMRC): The Washington Wives: -- The "Washington Wives"
Tipper Gore, Susan Baker, Pam Howar and Sally Nevius form The
Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) in order to testify as
supporting witnesses, as do Senators Paula Hawkins and Al Gore, at
hearings of the US Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation
Committee on "the subject of the content of certain sound
recordings and suggestions that recording packages be labeled to
provide a warning to prospective purchasers of sexually explicit
or other potentially offensive content." Musicians Frank
Zappa, John Denver and Dee Snider testify as opposing witnesses.
On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
British Intelligence 1940 Boris Karloff Margaret Lindsay DVD MP4
USB
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1910: #BOTD: #HBD! Margaret
Lindsay, American film, stage, and television actress (d. May 9,
1981) is #born Margaret Kies in Dubuque, Iowa. Her time as a
Warner Bros. contract player during the 1930s was particularly
productive. She was noted for her supporting work in successful
films of the 1930s and 1940s such as Jezebel (1938) and Scarlet
Street (1945) and her leading roles in lower-budgeted B movie
films such as the Ellery Queen series at Columbia in the early
1940s. She costarred with Boris Karloff in the British World War I
spy thriller British Intelligence (1940). Critics regard her
portrayal of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Hepzibah Pyncheon in the 1940
film adaptation of The House of the Seven Gables as Lindsay's
standout career role. She never married because, according to
biographer and historian William J. Mann, Lindsay was the "in
the closet" life partner of musical theatre, film, and
television actress Mary McCarty; she was also linked to American
film, stage, and television actress beauty Janet Gaynor. Her
dating companions in public were stars such as Cesar Romero,
Richard Deacon, and even Liberace. Margaret Lindsay died at the
age of 70 of emphysema in 1981 at the Good Samaritan Hospital in
Los Angeles. She is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City,
California. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pirates
12 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 19, 2026
September 19, 1560: #Baptisms: Sir Thomas
Cavendish, English explorer and privateer, known as "The
Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to
emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in
the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe (d. May 1592)
is baptized in St Martin's Church, Trimley St Martin, Suffolk; his
birth date is unknown. He was the third son of William Cavendish
and Mary Wentworth. When his father died in 1572, Cavendish
inherited a sizeable estate and was placed under the guardianship
of Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baron Wentworth. Wentworth was required
to ensure that the boy was prepared for a university education. In
the spring of 1576 at the age of 15, he entered Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge but left in November 1577 without taking a
degree. He then entered Gray's Inn, London, and for the next
several years maintained a lavish lifestyle, making connections in
London society including the royal court. He also came to know
Richard Hakluyt and others in his circle who were advocating for
the English colonization of North America. Cavendish gained a
reputation as a spendthrift and between 1583 and 1585 he was taken
to court for non-payment of debts. In the 1580s, Cavendish looked
for advancement under the patronage of Walter Raleigh. Raleigh and
the Earl of Pembroke helped Cavendish to become a member of
parliament representing the borough of Shaftesbury in 1584. In
turn, he supported Raleigh's efforts to assume Humphrey Gilbert's
contract to colonize America. Cavendish also studied navigation
under the direction of Thomas Harriot at Raleigh's Durham House in
Westminster. In 1585, Cavendish was appointed second-in-command to
Richard Grenville on an expedition to establish Roanoke Colony in
Virginia. He invested in the purchase and provisioning of the
fleet that left Plymouth on 9 April 1585. The ships were scattered
by a fierce storm but Cavendish's ship, Elizabeth, survived and
reached the rendezvous point in Puerto Rico. Grenville was
impressed with the navigational skills displayed by Cavendish on
his first voyage. Grenville and Cavendish spent several weeks in
the Caribbean gathering supplies for the new colony. They were
able to purchase supplies from the Spanish and Hispaniola and also
seized two Spanish ships that they encountered along the way. In
late June they reached the Outer Banks in present-day North
Carolina where the Roanoke colony was established. Cavendish
returned to England in August aboard the Tyger without profit from
his investments but he did gain important experience and several
close friends. His first circumnavigation made him rich from
captured Spanish gold, silk and treasure from the Pacific and the
Philippines. His richest prize was the captured 600-ton sailing
ship the Manila Galleon Santa Ana (also called Santa Anna). He was
knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England after his return. Thomas
Cavendish died of unknown causes, possibly off Ascension Island in
the South Atlantic after he set off across the Atlantic towards
Saint Helena for a second raiding and circumnavigation trip; his
navigator John Davis continued on with Cavendish's crew and ships
and discovered the Falkland Islands before returning to England
with most of his crew lost to starvation and illness.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
American Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 19, 2026September 19, 1777: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: Battles
Of The American Revolutionary War In New York State: The Saratoga
Campaign: The Battles Of Saratoga: The First Battle Of Saratoga
(The Battle Of Freeman's Farm): -- British forces win a tactically
expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle Of
Saratoga. The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7,
1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a
decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American
Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large
invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley,
hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New
York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake
Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and
Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He
fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days
apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New
York. They both failed. Burgoyne found himself trapped by superior
American forces with no relief, so he retreated to Saratoga (now
Schuylerville) and surrendered his entire army there on October
17. His surrender, says historian Edmund Morgan, "was a great
turning point of the war because it won for Americans the foreign
assistance which was the last element needed for victory."
Burgoyne's strategy to divide New England from the southern
colonies had started well but slowed due to logistical problems.
He won a small tactical victory over General Horatio Gates and the
Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at
the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he
again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis
Heights and the Americans captured a portion of the British
defenses. Burgoyne was therefore compelled to retreat, and his
army was surrounded by the much larger American force at Saratoga,
forcing him to surrender on October 17. News of Burgoyne's
surrender was instrumental in formally bringing France into the
war as an American ally, although it had previously given
supplies, ammunition, and guns, notably the de Valliere cannon
which played an important role in Saratoga. This battle also
resulted in Spain joining France in the war against Britain. The
battle on September 19 began when Burgoyne moved some of his
troops in an attempt to flank the entrenched American position on
Bemis Heights. Benedict Arnold anticipated the maneuver and placed
significant forces in his way. Burgoyne did gain control of
Freeman's Farm, but it came at the cost of significant casualties.
Skirmishing continued in the days following the battle, while
Burgoyne waited in the hope that reinforcements would arrive from
New York City. Patriot militia forces continued to arrive,
meanwhile, swelling the size of the American army. Disputes within
the American camp led Gates to strip Arnold of his command.
British General Sir Henry Clinton moved up from New York City and
attempted to divert American attention by capturing two forts in
the Hudson River highlands on October 6, but his efforts were too
late to help Burgoyne. Burgoyne attacked Bemis Heights again on
October 7 after it became apparent that he would not receive
relieving aid in time. This battle culminated in heavy fighting
marked by Arnold's spirited rallying of the American troops.
Burgoyne's forces were thrown back to the positions that they held
before the September 19 battle, and the Americans captured a
portion of the entrenched British defenses.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Bloody
Shenandoah: The Valley Campaign Of 1864 Civil War DVD, MP4, USB
Today, September 19, 2026September 19, 1864: The American Civil
War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern
Theater Of The American Civil War: The Valley Campaigns Of 1864
(The Shenandoah Valley Campaigns Of 1864): The Battles Of
Winchester: The Third Battle Of Winchester (The Battle Of Opequon,
The Battle Of Opequon Creek): -- Union troops under General Philip
Sheridan defeat a Confederate force in Winchester, Virginia
commanded by General Jubal Early. The Third Battle Of Winchester,
also known as the Battle of Opequon, was fought during the Valley
Campaigns of 1864, battles that took place in the Shenandoah
Valley of Virginia from May to October 1864. As Confederate Lt.
Gen. Jubal A. Early raided the B and O Railroad at Martinsburg,
West Virginia, Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan advanced toward
Winchester along the Berryville Pike with the VI Corps and XIX
Corps, crossing Opequon Creek. The Union advance was delayed long
enough for Early to concentrate his forces to meet the main
assault, which continued for several hours. Casualties were very
heavy. The Confederate line was gradually driven back toward the
town. Mid-afternoon, the Army of West Virginia and the cavalry
turned the Confederate left flank. Early ordered a general
retreat. Because of its size, intensity, serious casualties among
the general officers on both sides, and its result, many
historians consider this the most important conflict of the
Shenandoah Valley. With over 50,000 troops engaged it was the
largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley and was not only
militarily decisive in that region of Virginia but also played a
role in securing Abraham Lincoln's election in 1864.
https://store.earthstation1.com/bloody-shenandoah-valley-campaign-of-1864-civil-war-dvd-mp18644.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Meet
George Washington: The Man Behind Myth + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, September 19, 2026September 19, 1796: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: The
Aftermath Of The American Revolution: The Presidency Of George
Washington: George Washington's Farewell Address: -- Near the end
of his second term as president, about ten weeks before the
presidential electors cast their votes in the 1796 election,
George Washington issues, after 20 years of public service, an
open letter valedictory (or complimentary close in American
English, used to end a letter, message or speech at a farewell)
written to "friends and fellow-citizens" before retiring
to his Mount Vernon, Virginia home, by way of having it printed in
the Philadelphia, Pennsylvanis newspaper The American Daily
Advertiser as "The Address of Gen. Washington To The People
Of America On His Declining The Presidency Of The United States";
it is almost immediately reprinted in newspapers throughout the
country, and later in pamphlet form across America. It is a
classic statement of philosophical republicanism, warning
Americans of the political dangers which they must avoid if they
are to remain true to their values. The first draft was originally
prepared by James Madison in June 1792, as Washington contemplated
retiring at the end of his first term in office. However, he set
it aside and ran for a second term because of heated disputes
between Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and Secretary
Of State Thomas Jefferson which convinced Washington that the
growing tensions would rip apart the country without his
leadership. This included the state of foreign affairs, and
divisions between the newly formed Federalist and
Democratic-Republican parties. As his second term came to a close
four years later, Washington prepared a revision of the original
letter with the help of Hamilton to write a new farewell address
to announce his intention to decline a third term in office. He
reflects on the emerging issues of the American political
landscape in 1796, expresses his support for the government eight
years after the adoption of the Constitution, defends his
administration's record and gives valedictory advice to the
American people.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Ethnic
Notions + The Mammy Legend: Black Stereotypes DVD MP3 USB Drive
Today, September 19, 2026September 19, 1860: #DOTD: Thomas D.
Rice, also known generally as T. D. Rice and Daddy Rice
specifically, "ethnic dilineator", American performer
and playwright who performed blackface and used African American
vernacular speech, song and dance to become one of the most
popular minstrel show entertainers of his time, considered the
"father of American minstrelsy" (b. May 20, 1808) #dies,
having suffered as early as 1840 from a type of paralysis which
progressively limited his speech and movements, eventually leading
to his death at aged 52 in Brooklyn, New York. His funeral
services were at Brooklyn's St. Thomas Church, and he is interred
at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. A reminiscence of him in The
New York Times suggests his death was alcohol-related, and states
that although he had made a considerable fortune in his time, his
later years were spent in a liquor saloon and his burial was paid
for by public subscription. Thomas D. Rice was born Thomas
Dartmouth Rice on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York. His
family resided in the commercial district near the East River
docks. Rice received some formal education in his youth, but
ceased in his teenage years when he acquired an apprenticeship
with a woodcarver named Dodge. Despite this occupational training,
Rice quickly made a career as a performer. His act drew on aspects
of African American culture and popularized them with a national,
and later international, audience. Rice's "Jim Crow"
character was based on a folk trickster of that name that was long
popular among black slaves. Rice also adapted and popularized a
traditional slave song called "Jump Jim Crow". The name
became used for the "Jim Crow laws" that enforced racial
segregation in the Southern United States between the 1870s and
1965.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Alternative Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band MP3 CD Download
USB
Today, September 19, 2026September 19, 2016: #DOTD: #RIP: Bobby
Breen, Canadian-born American actor and singer (b. November 4,
1927) #dies of natural causes in Pompano Beach, Florida, aged 88,
three days following the death of his wife. He is buried at Boca
Raton Municipal Cemetery And Mausoleum in Boca Raton, Florida.
Bobby Breen was born Isadore Borsuk in Montreal, Canada, the son
of Hyman (Chaim) and Rebecca Borsuk. His parents were poor Jewish
immigrants from present-day Ukraine, Breen was a popular male
child singer during the 1930s and reached major popularity with
film and radio appearances. He appears on the cover of Sgt.
Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Breen went to Hollywood in 1935,
where he received singing lessons from a vocal coach. Film
producer Sol Lesser, who had discovered Jackie Coogan, signed
Breen to RKO Radio Pictures. Around this time, the nine-year-old
Breen became a regular performer on Eddie Cantor's weekly radio
show in 1936, where his talents as a boy soprano were appreciated
by the listeners. Prior to the release of his first motion
picture, Let's Sing Again, he was compared to other child stars of
the era such as Freddie Bartholomew and Shirley Temple. In terms
of his vocalist abilities, he was described as a combination of
Allan Jones, Nelson Eddy and Al Jolson. His debut saw him being
top-billed with Henry Armetta as his co-star. He sang La donna e
mobile, among other songs, in the movie. Satisfied with his debut
for the studio, RKO signed a deal with him for three additional
movies. He was cast in another musical later the same year called
Rainbow on the River, co-starring May Robson and Alan Mowbray. He
sang Ave Maria and the film's title song Rainbow on the River.
Kurt Neumann, who had directed Breen in his first two pictures,
worked with him for the last time in Make a Wish in 1937. His
co-star was Basil Rathbone. In a 1938 article, he was referred to
as one of the rare cases of child actors succeeding in an
adult-dominated industry. By the time he had completed filming
Escape to Paradise in 1939, his voice was gradually changing due
to puberty. As a result, he retired from the film industry,
despite being originally contracted for two additional movies, and
instead focused on his education at Beverly Hills High School. His
popularity did not immediately wane during his hiatus, receiving
mail from numerous fans across the United States and United
Kingdom. He briefly returned to the screen in 1942 to appear as
himself in Johnny Doughboy, starring Jane Withers. As an adult, he
expressed skepticism about children working in the entertainment
industry. He also signed a contract with Decca Records when he
began his Hollywood career, and had moderate success with a series
of 78 rpm records in the late 1930s. Breen enlisted in the
infantry in the U.S. Army during World War II. He and fellow
Hollywood actor Mickey Rooney were soon assigned to entertain the
troops, despite him having retired from show business. Breen was
hospitalized in France in 1945 towards the end of the war. For his
war efforts, he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal. After his
discharge from the U.S. Army, in 1946, he initially struggled to
find work as he returned to show business. He did some theatre
work as well as some radio appearances in New York during this
period. Because of his voice having changed since becoming an
adult, he took singing lessons to reinvent himself by adapting to
a new tenor singing style. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, he
worked as a singer in nightclubs and as a musical performer in
stock theatre, later serving as a guest pianist for the NBC
Symphony Orchestra on radio, and hosting a local TV show in New
York. He also recorded briefly for the Motown label, singing on
two singles and produced an unreleased album in 1964 called Better
Late Than Never. Berry Gordy had hoped for Breen to become his
first white contracted artist, but ultimately changed his mind
because the singer did not suit the type of music Motown produced.
In 1953, Breen appeared on ABC's reality show, The Comeback Story,
to explain how his career nose-dived as he entered his teen years
and how he fought to recover. Since the 1970s, he and his late
wife Audrey had been working in Florida as entrepreneurs, booking
agents and producers arranging musical shows performed by various
entertainers at smaller, affordable venues. The business idea is
called a "condominium circuit". In later years, it has
focused on hiring aged stars of the past, including Debbie
Reynolds, Mickey Rooney and Ann Blyth. In November 1948, he went
missing while on a private flight from Waukesha, Wisconsin, to
Hayward, Missouri. Several planes went searching for him for a day
and a half before it was discovered that he had been staying at a
hotel anonymously without telling anyone. He was fined 300 U.S.
dollars. Breen married fashion model Jocelyn Lesh on November 9,
1952. The couple had a son, Hunter Keith Breen, in 1954. Four
years later, the marriage became unsustainable, with Jocelyn
claiming that he had physically injured her. They went their
separate ways, but the divorce was not finalized until February
1961. He married the president of the City of Hope National
Medical Center, Audrey Howard around 1962. He lived with his
family in Tamarac, Florida, and worked as the owner/operator of
Bobby Breen Enterprises, a local talent agency. Starting in 2002,
he made occasional concert appearances.
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